4 Non Blondes : From Red to Brown

Angelina Jolie

Audrey Tautou

Juliette Binoche

Katie Holmes

Keira Knightley

Kristen Stewart

Natalie Portman

Winona Ryder



Kate Middleton



Julia Roberts

Milla Jovovich

Penelope Cruz

I Love Very Short Hair !

Ali Hewson

Victoria Beckham

Winona Ryder

Nasstassja Kinski

Agynness Deyn

Carey Mulligan

Emma Watson

Halle Berry

Milla Jovovich

Jean Seberg

Madonna

Madonna

Mia Farrow

Milla Jovovich

Natalie Portman

Milla Jovovich

Sinead O'Connor

Linda Evangelista

Gothic Blood Red Hair

Close To Me

The Cure

I've waited hours for this
I've made myself so sick
I wish I'd stayed asleep today
I never thought this day would end
I never thought tonight could ever be
This close to me
Just try to see in the dark
Just try to make it work
To feel the fear before you're here
I make the shapes come much too close
I pull my eyes out
Hold my breath
And wait until I shake...
But if I had your faith
Then I could make it safe and clean
If only I was sure
That my head on the door was a dream
I've waited hours for this
I've made myself so sick
I wish I'd stayed asleep today
I never thought this day would end
I never thought tonight could ever be
This close to me
But if I had your face
I could make it safe and clean
If only I was sure
That my head on the door
Was a dream

Shag Hair

Shag Hairstyles

Among various haircuts and styles one has to adapt to the latest ones. It is not a wise decision to go for a hairstyle to ensue that desperate makeover. Most haircuts today demand maintenance and hair cannot be taken for granted.
Hair care is not about the right shampoo and conditioner but one needs to learn the art of styling, gels and a simple know how to change partings and arrange hair. Shag hairstyles are the latest style. These are simple manageable styles and though they seem to be akin to the messy hairstyle these are a niche on their own.
There are dimensional shag hairstyles and also routine shag haircut for the carefree types. The haircut is short and seems whacky but also suited to chic and elegant styles. A sleeveless knee length black dress with body fit and a good shag hair cut is what will turn heads in your direction. Shag styles are in and one should adopt the same after leafing through a few variations. Actually shag styles naturally allow volume and hence it is also suited to thin baby hair type. If you have hair that is of the thick variety, then it has to be tapered and framed over the face.
Stylists are usually professional with their suggestions and you may choose the one which is your style. If one is wary of the bizarre shag cut then one can go for soft layers falling on your cheeks. The most important thing of a shag haircut is that the crown of the hair is where most of the hair sits. This is also good to give an impression of height which is important for short person. Another point to be remembered is that the entire face changes with a haircut in shag style and one could also require do a bit on the make up applying skills.
Get more spunk with that spiral shag. The hair is in spiral perm almost like a spring. The uneven cut is again as per the face type and most of it is just touching the shoulders and up the ear. This is again needed to be arranged with hands as combing will spoil the look. Blow dry or towel dry hair and use a good conditioner to let the hair set in. The hair looks best as jet black though colouring in dark hues is a choosy option.
The out-of-bed look is not just about tousled hair. It has to be styled and maintained. Go for regular trims as split ends is a common problem. The ends of the hair are frayed and hence prone to splitting. Repair hair with a special shampoo and use a soft pillow while going to bed. The fine tooth comb or special comb is required to get the messy look in this short hair.
Blondes or red is the colour suited. The haircut in this shag style is with straight hair and the shortest length is up till the eyebrows graduating to uneven trims till the neck. Worn long or short shag hair cuts allows variations.

From: http://www.shaghairstyles.net/

Celebrities and Shag Hairstyle

Since the 1970s till date, the shag hairstyle has been a constant fashion statement. A number of famous people with the shag hairstyle over the past few decades have driven people by the droves to change theirs into shag as well. No other style in the history of hairstyles had so many famous people endorsing it, and the rest of the world following it like a cult.
Perhaps it began with Jane Fonda who wore it in the movie Klute in 1971. The Beegees had their long hair layered in a shag style. The real 'cult' following began with Jennifer Aniston's famous 'Rachel' in the sitcom friends during 1994-2004. The style became synonymous with Rachel so much so that all the youngsters were asking their stylists for a 'Rachel haircut'! Chris McMillan of Los Angeles' Estilo salon who styled the other female cast' hair as well was Jennifer's' stylist who gave her a bouncy, layered hairstyle for the first and second season of friends but it was enough for it to be associated with her.
Salon maestro John Sahag invented the shag haircut 25 years before it really became so famous with Jennifer Aniston's 'Rachel haircut'. Soon, you could see all famous people wearing the shag hairstyle, Goldie Hawn, Victoria Principal and Farrah Fawcett -Majors whose feathered shag on her beautiful flowing blonde hair got equally famous on the sets of Charlie's angels sitcom.
Recently, the famous people with the shag hairstyle are growing in numbers again. It only impresses that the shag haircut was always around and not just history of the 70s. Meg Ryan, Lisa Rinna and Halle Berry all have sported such stylishly done cuts that lend these beauties a pizzazz appeal and an empowering look. The reason why these beauties can carry off the shag hairstyle so well is the narrow faces which added with the trendy shag cut makes them Divas to the hilt. Meg Ryan's tousled and messy look is still popular and Kellie Bowling, a stylist at Dillard's Your salon in Fayette mall, says " A lot of clients come in say that they want their hair cut like hers in the movie You've got mail, they like shorter, slightly messy look."
Hilary Swank has been much admired for her boyish shag hairstyle. The natural and messy look has been carried well by some male celebrities as well. With carefree tousled shag cut to his medium hair, Tom Cruise in Mission Impossible 2 had bowled over all of his female following worldwide.
Whether you are looking for a makeover or simply want to have a similar cut as some of the famous people with the shag hairstyle, you must carry it well. Know your facial features and hair texture before opting for the shag haircut and remember though it is a carefree and youthful cut, too messy and tousled would not be anywhere close to trendy!
Like al good things that come back from the past, the shag hairstyle is making a comeback and what better way to realize it than watching your most favorite famous people with a shag hairstyle. So, bring on your new looks, Victoria Beckham, Rihanna, Beyonce........

From: http://ezinearticles.com/?Shag-Celebrities---Were-Talking-About-Hairstyle&id=1503683

Bono

Europe

Guns n' Roses

Jennifer Aniston

Jon Bon Jovi

Madonna

Poison

Meg Ryan

Every Rose Has It's Thorn

Poison

Bret Michaels

We both lie silently still
In the dead of the night.
Although we both lie close together
We feel miles apart inside
Was it somethin' I said or somethin' I did
Did my words not come out right
Tho' I tried not to hurt you
Tho' I tried
But I guess that's why they say
(Chorus)
Every rose has its thorn
Just like every night has its dawn
Just like every cowboy sings his sad, sad song
Every rose has its thorn
Yea it does
I listen to our favorite song
Playin' on the radio
Hear the DJ say love's a game of
Easy come and easy go
But I wonder does he know
Has he ever felt like this
And I know you'd be here right now
If I could have let you know somehow
I guess
(Chorus)
Though it's been a while now
I can still feel so much pain
Like a knife that cuts you
The wound heals, but the scar, that scar remains
I know I could have saved a the love that night
If I'd known what to say
Instead of makin' love
We both made our separate ways
Now I hear you've found somebody new
And that I never meant that much to you
To hear that tears me up inside
And to see you cuts me like a knife
(Chorus)

It's Just Me

Jon Bon Jovi

You know your favorite pair of shoes
The ones with the hole in the toe you won’t lose
Your favorite record that’s all scratched and used
But still you love to play when your feeling blue
That faded rose, that’s all dried out
Those Bukowsky poems we couldn’t live without
Your high school picture, when you had wild hair
That stormy day on the beach that got us here
Oh, you’d better believe there’s just one thing you need
Can’t you see…
It’s just me baby
It’s just me baby
If there’s just one thing that you should keep
In your book of dreams
It’s just me baby
Just like a shadow 10 feet tall
Standing right behind you should you fall
I’ll be the one to hold you up to walk
When this wicked world makes us wont to crawl
And if your waves should ever break at sea
I’ll be there waiting, I’m that sandy beach
I’m that same old dog, scratching those same fleas
I’ll be by your side, you can count on me
It’s just me baby
It’s just me baby
If there’s just one thing that you should keep
In your book of dreams
It’s just me baby
It’s just me baby
What’s it gonna take to make you see
What’s it gonna take ‘til you believe in me
Oh, how my smile fades and my heart just break
Every time you go away
It’s just me baby
It’s just me baby
If there’s just one thing that you should keep
In your book of dreams
It’s just me baby
It’s just me baby
What’s it gonna take to make you see
What’s it gonna take ‘til you believe in me
And if someday some new memories comes along
Looking shiny new, feeling really strong
You can tell him that I’ll tell him
He can just move on
I’m a fighter- I’ve been fighting for you all night long
It’s just me baby

My Red - 6.66 + 6.77



Red 6.66

Brown 6.77



I Love My Red Hair

Red hair

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Woman with red hair

Man with red hair

Red hair (also referred to as titian or ginger hair) varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. People with red hair are often referred to as redheads or gingers. Approximately 1% to 2% of the human population has red hair.It occurs more frequently (between 2% and 6% of the population) in northern and western Europeans, and their descendants, and at lower frequencies throughout other parts of the world. Red hair appears in people with two copies of a recessive gene on chromosome 16 which causes a mutation in the MC1R protein. It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.

Contents 1 Geographic distribution 1.1 Historical 1.2 Modern 2 Biochemistry and genetics 2.1 Genetics 2.2 Evolution 2.2.1 Origins 2.2.2 Extinction hoax 3 Medical implications of the red hair gene 3.1 Melanoma 3.2 Pain tolerance and injury 4 Red hair of pathological origin 5 Culture 5.1 Beliefs about temperament 5.2 Fashion and art 5.3 Prejudice and discrimination against redheads 5.3.1 Medieval beliefs 5.3.2 Modern-day discrimination 5.4 Use of term in East Asia to refer to ethnic European people 5.5 Religious and mythological traditions 5.6 Red Hair festival 6 See also 7 Further reading

 Geographic distribution

Historical

Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment by the Greek poet Xenophanes describes the Thracians as blue-eyed and red haired. The Greek historian Herodotus described the "Budini" (probably Udmurts and Permyak located on the Volga in what is modern-day Russia) as being predominantly redheaded. The Greek historian Dio Cassius described Boudica, the famous Celtic Queen of the Iceni, to be "tall and terrifying in appearance... a great mass of red hair... over her shoulders." Also, several mythological characters from Homer's Iliad, (themselves purportedly Greek) are described as being "red-haired" including Menelaus and Achilles.
The Roman author Tacitus commented on the "red hair and large limbs of the inhabitants of Caledonia (Scotland)", which he connected with some red haired Gaulish tribes of Germanic and Belgic relation.
Red hair has also been found in Asia, notably among the Tocharians, who occupied the Tarim Basin in what is now the northwesternmost province of China. Many of 2nd millennium BC Caucasian Tarim mummies in China have been found with red and blonde hair.




 

 Modern

Today, red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is associated particularly with the people located in the United Kingdom and in Ireland (although Victorian era ethnographers claimed that the Udmurt people of the Volga were "the most red-headed men in the world").Redheads are common among Germanic and Celtic peoples.
Redheads constitute approximately 4 per cent of the European population.Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads; 13 per cent of the population has red hair and approximately 40 per cent carries the recessive redhead gene. Ireland has the second highest percentage; as many as 10 per cent of the Irish population has red, auburn, or strawberry blond hair.It is thought that up to 46 percent of the Irish population carries the recessive redhead gene.  A 1956 study of hair colour amongst British army recruits also found high levels of red hair in Wales and the English Border counties.
Red-hair is found commonly amongst Ashkenazi Jewish populations, possibly due to the influx of European DNA over a period of centuries, or in the original founding of their communities in Europe, although both Esau and David are described in the Bible as red-haired. In European culture, prior to the 20th century, red-hair was often seen as a stereotypically Jewish trait: during the Spanish Inquisition, all those with red-hair were identified as Jewish.In Italy, red hair was associated with Italian Jews, and Judas was traditionally depicted as red-haired in Italian and Spanish art.Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red-hair.The stereotype that red-hair is Jewish remains in parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.
In the United States, it is estimated that 2-6% of the population has red hair. This would give the U.S. the largest population of redheads in the world, at 6 to 18 million, compared to approximately 650,000 in Scotland and 420,000 in Ireland.
Red or reddish-tinged hair is also found in other European populations particularly in the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as parts of the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, France, Greece, Turkey, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Russia and South Slavic countries.
Because of migration from Europe from the 16th to the 21st centuries, red-haired humans are also found all around the world, such as in North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Siberia, etc.
The Berber populations of Morocco and northern Algeria have occasional redheads. Red hair frequency is especially significant among the Kabyles from Algeria, where it reaches 4 percent. The Queen of Morocco, Lalla Salma wife of king Mohammed VI, has red hair. Abd ar-Rahman I also had red hair, his mother being a Christian Berber slave.
In Asia, darker or mixed tinges of red hair can be found sporadically from Northern India, the northern Middle East (such as Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine), and in rare instances on the Island of Hirado, Japan and the South Pacific. Red hair can be found amongst those of Iranian descent, such as the Persians, Lurs, Nuristanis and Pashtuns. Emigration from the these people as well as parts of the Middle East, Central Asia, North India, and North Africa added to the population of red-haired humans in the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and other parts of Africa and Europe.
In Argentina, Brazil and Chile, people with red hair also make up a small portion of the population.
In Australia, small isolated populations of Indigenous Australians (mainly in Western Australia and Australia's Northern Territory) have been found with red hair.

Biochemistry and genetics

A close-up view of red hair

The pigment pheomelanin gives red hair its distinctive color. Red hair has far more of the pigment pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin.
The genetics of red hair, discovered in 1997, appear to be associated with the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is found on chromosome 16. Red hair is associated with fair skin color due to low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body of those with red hair. This lower melanin-concentration confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important Vitamin D can be produced under low light conditions. However, when UV-radiation is strong (like in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of skin cancer.
The MC1R recessive variant gene that gives people red hair and fair skin is also associated with freckles, though it is not uncommon to see a redhead without freckles. Eighty percent of redheads have an MC1R gene variant, and the prevalence of these alleles is highest in Scotland and Ireland. The alleles that code for red hair occur close to the alleles that affect skin color, so it seems that the phenotypic expression for lighter skin and red hair are interrelated.
Red hair can originate from several different changes on the MC1R-gene. If one of these changes is present on both chromosomes then the respective individual is likely to have red hair. This type of inheritance is described as an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Even if both parents do not have red hair themselves, both can be carriers for the gene and have a redheaded child. (Red hair genetics).

 Genetics

Some men have brown hair and red beard

The alleles Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, Asp294His, and Arg142His on MC1R are shown to be recessives for the red hair phenotype. The gene HCL2 (also called RHC or RHA) on chromosome 4 may also be related to red hair.

 Evolution

Origins

Red hair is the rarest natural hair color in humans. The pale skin associated with red hair may have been advantageous in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies by Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza (1976) hypothesized that lighter skin pigmentation prevents rickets in colder latitudes by encouraging higher levels of Vitamin D production and also allows the individual to retain heat better than someone with darker skin. Rees (2004) suggested that the vividness and rarity of red hair may lead to its becoming desirable in a partner and therefore it could become more common through sexual selection.
Harding et al. (2000) proposed that red hair was not the result of positive selection but rather occurs due to a lack of negative selection. In Africa, for example, red hair is selected against because high levels of sun would be harmful to fair skin. However, in Northern Europe this does not happen, so redheads come about through genetic drift.
Estimates on the original occurrence of the currently active gene for red hair vary from 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.
A DNA study has concluded that some Neanderthals also had red hair, although the mutation responsible for this differs from that which causes red hair in modern humans.

 Extinction hoax

See also: Disappearing blonde gene

A 2007 report in The Courier-Mail, which cited the National Geographic magazine and unnamed "genetic scientists", said that red hair is likely to die out in the near future.Other blogs and news sources ran similar stories that attributed the research to the magazine or the "Oxford Hair Foundation". However, a HowStuffWorks article says that the foundation was funded by hair-dye maker Procter & Gamble, and that other experts had dismissed the research as either lacking in evidence or simply bogus. The National Geographic article in fact states "while redheads may decline, the potential for red isn't going away".
Red hair is caused by a relatively rare recessive gene, the expression of which can skip generations. It is not likely to disappear at any time in the foreseeable future.

 Medical implications of the red hair gene

 Melanoma

Melanin in the skin aids UV tolerance through suntanning, but fair-skinned persons lack the levels of melanin needed to prevent UV-induced DNA-damage. Studies have shown that red hair alleles in MC1R increase freckling and decrease tanning ability. It has been found that Europeans who are heterozygous for red hair exhibit increased sensitivity to UV radiation.
Red hair and its relationship to UV sensitivity are of interest to many melanoma researchers. Sunshine can both be good and bad for a person's health and the different alleles on MC1R represent these adaptations. It also has been shown that individuals with pale skin are highly susceptible to a variety of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Due to this sensitivity many people have advised redheads to wear sunscreen.

 Pain tolerance and injury

Two studies have demonstrated that people with red hair have different sensitivity to pain compared to people with other hair colors. One study found that people with red hair are more sensitive to thermal pain (associated with naturally occurring low vitamin K levels),while another study concluded that redheads are less sensitive to pain from multiple modalities, including noxious stimuli such as electrically induced pain.
Researchers have found that people with red hair require greater amounts of anesthetic. Other research publications have concluded that women with naturally red hair require less of the painkiller pentazocine than do either women of other hair colors or men of any hair color. A study showed women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to that particular pain medication than men.A follow-up study by the same group showed that men and women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to morphine-6-glucuronide.
The unexpected relationship of hair color to pain tolerance appears to be because redheads have a mutation in a hormone receptor that can apparently respond to at least two different hormones: the skin pigmentation hormone melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and the pain relieving hormone known as endorphins. (These hormones are both derived from the same precursor molecule, POMC, and are structurally similar.) Specifically, redheads have a mutated MC1R gene, which produces a mutated MC1R receptor, also known as the melanocortin-1 receptor. Melanocytes, which are cells that produce pigment in skin and hair, use the MC1R receptor to recognize and respond to melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone normally stimulates melanocytes to make black eumelanin, but if the melanocytes have a mutated MC1R receptor, they will make reddish pheomelanin instead. The MC1R receptor also occurs in the brain, where it is one of a large set of POMC-related receptors that are apparently involved not only in responding to MSH, but also in responses to endorphins and possibly other POMC-derived hormones. Though the details are not clearly understood, it appears that there is some "cross talk" between the POMC hormones that may explain the link between red hair and pain tolerance.
There is little or no evidence to support the belief that people with red hair have a higher chance than people with other hair colors to hemorrhage or suffer other bleeding complications.One study, however, reports a link between red hair and a higher rate of bruising.

 Red hair of pathological origin

Most red hair is caused by the MC1R gene and is non-pathological. However, in rare cases red hair can be associated with disease or genetic disorder:

• In cases of severe malnutrition, normally dark human hair may turn red or blonde. The condition, part of a syndrome known as kwashiorkor, is a sign of critical starvation caused chiefly by protein deficiency, and is common during periods of famine.
• One variety of albinism (Type 3, aka rufous albinism), sometimes seen in Africans and inhabitants of New Guinea, results in red hair and red-colored skin.
• Red hair is found on people lacking pro-opiomelanocortin.

 Culture

A red-haired woman, Far Away Thoughts John William Godward 1892. Red hair was a popular subject amongst Pre-Raphaelite artists.

In various times and cultures, red hair has been prized, feared, and ridiculed.

Beliefs about temperament

A common belief about redheads is that they have fiery tempers and sharp tongues. In Anne of Green Gables, a character says of Anne Shirley, the redheaded heroine, that "her temper matches her hair", while in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield remarks that "People with red hair are supposed to get mad very easily, but Allie [his dead brother] never did, and he had very red hair."
During the early stages of modern medicine, red hair was thought to be a sign of a sanguine temperament.In the Indian medicinal practice of Ayurveda, redheads are seen as most likely to have a Pitta temperament.
Another belief is that redheads are highly sexed; for example, Jonathan Swift satirizes redhead stereotypes in part four of Gulliver's Travels, "A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms," when he writes that: "It is observed that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity." Swift goes on to write that: "...neither was the hair of this brute [a Yahoo] of a red color (which might have been some excuse for an appetite a little irregular) but black as a sloe..."In the novel and film Red-Headed Woman, the titular protagonist is a sexually aggressive home-wrecker who frequently throws violent temper tantrums.

 Fashion and art

"The Accolade" by Edmund Blair Leighton.

Queen Elizabeth I of England was a redhead, and during the Elizabethan era in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is subject to fashion trends; celebrities such as Lindsay Lohan, Alyson Hannigan, Marcia Cross, Christina Hendricks and Geri Halliwell can boost sales of red hair dye.
Sometimes, red hair darkens as people get older, becoming a more brownish color or losing some of its vividness. This leads some to associate red hair with youthfulness, a quality that is generally considered desirable. In several countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh and Pakistan, henna and saffron are used on hair to give it a bright red appearance.
Many painters have exhibited a fascination with red hair. The color "titian" takes its name from Titian, who often painted women with red hair. Early Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli's famous painting The Birth of Venus depicts the mythological goddess Venus as a redhead. Other painters notable for their redheads include the Pre-Raphaelites, Edmund Leighton, Modigliani,and Gustav Klimt.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's story The Red-Headed League involves a man who is asked to become a member of a mysterious group of red-headed people. The 1943 film DuBarry Was a Lady featured red-heads Lucille Ball and Red Skelton in Technicolor.

 Prejudice and discrimination against redheads

Medieval beliefs

Barbarossa(Redbeard), Ottoman Admiral

Red hair was thought to be a mark of a beastly sexual desire and moral degeneration. A savage red-haired man is portrayed in the fable by Grimm brothers (Der Eisenhans) as the spirit of the forest of iron. Theophilus Presbyter describes how the blood of a red-haired young man is necessary to create gold from copper, in a mixture with the ashes of a basilisk.
Montague Summers, in his translation of the Malleus Maleficarum, notes that red hair and green eyes were thought to be the sign of a witch, a werewolf or a vampire during the Middle Ages;

Those whose hair is red, of a certain peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. It is significant that in ancient Egypt, as Manetho tells us, human sacrifices were offered at the grave of Osiris, and the victims were red-haired men who were burned, their ashes being scattered far and wide by winnowing-fans. It is held by some authorities that this was done to fertilize the fields and produce a bounteous harvest, red-hair symbolizing the golden wealth of the corn. But these men were called Typhonians, and were representatives not of Osiris but of his evil rival Typhon, whose hair was red.

 Modern-day discrimination

In Britain, it has been speculated that the dislike of red-hair may derive from the historical English sentiment that people of Irish or Celtic background, with a greater prevalence of red hair, were ethnically inferior.In modern-day UK, the words "ginger" or "ginga" are sometimes derogatorily used to describe red-headed people ("ginger" is not often considered insulting; the abbreviation "ginge" is much more commonly used derogatorily), with terms such as "gingerphobia" (fear of redheads) or "gingerism" (prejudice against redheads) used by the British media. In Britain, redheads are also sometimes referred to disparagingly as "carrot tops" and "carrot heads". (The comedian "Carrot Top" uses this stage name.) "Gingerism" has been compared to racism, although this is widely disputed, and bodies such as the UK Commission for Racial Equality do not monitor cases of discrimination and hate crimes against redheads.A UK woman recently won an award from a tribunal after being sexually harassed and receiving abuse because of her red hair;a family in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was forced to move twice after being targeted for abuse and hate crime on account of their red hair; and in 2003, a 20 year old was stabbed in the back for "being ginger".In May 2009, a British schoolboy committed suicide after being bullied for having red hair. The British singer Mick Hucknall, who believes that he has repeatedly faced prejudice or been described as ugly on account of his hair color, argues that Gingerism should be described as a form of racism.
This prejudice has been satirised on a number of TV shows. The British comedian Catherine Tate (herself a redhead) appeared as a red haired character in a running sketch of her series The Catherine Tate Show. The sketch saw fictional character Sandra Kemp, who was forced to seek solace in a refuge for ginger people because they had been ostracised from society. The British comedy Bo' Selecta! (starring redhead Leigh Francis) featured a spoof documentary which involved a caricature of Mick Hucknall presenting a show in which celebrities (played by themselves) dyed their hair red for a day and went about daily life being insulted by people. The pejorative use of the word "ginger" and related discrimination was used to illustrate a point about racism and prejudice in the "Ginger Kids", "Le Petit Tourette" and "Fatbeard" episodes of South Park.
In America, film and television programmes often portray school bullies as having red hair; for example, Scut Farkus from A Christmas Story or the O'Doyle family in the movie Billy Madison. The bully character Caruso in Everybody Hates Chris is a redhead. However, children with red hair are often themselves targeted by bullies; "Somebody with ginger hair will stand out from the crowd," says anti-bullying expert Louise Burfitt-Dons.
In November 2008 social networking website Facebook received criticism after a 'Kick a Ginger' group, which aimed to establish a "National Kick a Ginger Day" on November 20, acquired almost 5,000 members. A 14-year-old boy from Vancouver who ran the Facebook group was subjected to an investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for possible hate crimes.
In December 2009 British supermarket chain Tesco was forced to withdraw a Christmas card which had the image of a child with red hair sitting on the lap of Santa Claus, and the words: "Santa loves all kids. Even ginger ones" after customers complained the card was too offensive.
In October 2010, Harriet Harman, the former Equality Minister in the British government under Labour, faced accusations of prejudice, after she described the red-haired Treasury secretary Danny Alexander as a "ginger rodent".Alexander responded to the insult by stating that he was "proud to be ginger". Harman was subsequently forced to apologise for the comment, after facing criticism for prejudice against a minority group.

 Use of term in East Asia to refer to ethnic European people

The term ang mo (simplified Chinese: 红毛; pinyin: hóng máo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘) in Hokkien (Min Nan) Chinese means "red-haired", and is used in Malaysia and Singapore to refer to white people. The epithet is sometimes rendered as ang mo kui (红毛鬼) meaning "red-haired devil", similar to the Cantonese term gweilo ("foreign devil"). Thus it is viewed as racist and derogatory by some Caucasians. Others, however, maintain it is acceptable. Despite this ambiguity, it is a widely used term. It appears, for instance, in Singaporean newspapers such as The Straits Times, and in television programmes and films.
The Chinese characters for ang mo are the same as those in the historical Japanese term Kōmō (紅毛), which was used during the Edo period (1603–1868) as an epithet for (northwestern European) white people. It primarily referred to Dutch traders who were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan during Sakoku, its 200-year period of isolation.

 Religious and mythological traditions



 Mary Magdalene is commonly portrayed with long red hair, as in this picture by Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys

Red is the preferred dyeing color in Islam. It is said that Muhammad used to dye his hair red using Henna.Henna or Hina is a flowering plant which traditionally has been used to dye hair red. There are no side effects to this. Al-Bukhari related in his Sahih, from 'Uthman b. 'Abd-Allah b. Mawhab: "We went to Umm Salma, and she brought out for us some of the hair of the Messenger of Allah, and lo, it was dyed with henna and indigo." (Bukhari, Libas, 66) And in the four sunan, it is related that he said, "The best you can use for changing the color of white hair are henna and katam." (Tirmidhi, Libas, 20). In the two books of the Sahih, from Anas, it is quoted that Abu Bakr used hair dye of both henna and katam. (Muslim, Fada’il, 100) (Ibn Qayyim; 259) (Katam is a plant from Yemen which produces a reddish-black dye).

A red-haired Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss in a Spanish paso figure

Esau's entire body is supposed to have been covered with red hair. King David is also known for having red hair, based on the description of his physical appearance as "admoni", the Biblical Hebrew word normally interpreted to mean "ruddy" and/or "red-haired" (1 Samuel 16-17).
Judas Iscariot is also represented with red hair in Spanish culture  and William Shakespeare, reinforcing the negative stereotype. In Spain the prejudice is extended to so-colored cats and dogs.
Early artistic representations of Mary Magdalene usually depict her as having long flowing red hair, although a description of her hair color was never mentioned in the Bible, and it is possible the color is an effect caused by pigment degradation in the ancient paint. This tradition is used as a plot device in the book and movie The Da Vinci Code. Thor, of Norse mythology, was generally portrayed as having red hair. Another Norse God Loki, the mischievous god of fire was portrayed with red hair.
Ancient Egyptians associated both red-haired humans and red-colored animals with the god Set, considering them to be favored by the powerful and temperamental deity.
There is a tradition amongst astrologers that the planet Mars ("the red planet") is more likely to be rising above the eastern horizon (on or near the astrological Ascendant, which supposedly influences a person's appearance) at the time of the birth of a red haired person than for the population in general.
Achilles, the central character of Homer's Iliad, is described as having red hair, possibly contributing to the original myths of temperament^.

 Red Hair festival

Hundreds of redheads together at the Redheadday 2008

Redheadday is the name of a Dutch festival that takes place each first weekend of September in the city of Breda, the Netherlands. The two-day festival is a gathering of people with natural red hair, but is also focused on art related to the color red. Activities during the festival are lectures, workshops and demonstrations. The festival attracts attendance from thousands of genuine redheads from 20 countries and is free due to sponsorship of the local government.

See also

• Ang mo
• Auburn hair
• Blonde hair
• Ginger Kids
• Human skin color
• Keratinocyte
• Melanin
• Melanocyte
• Redheadday

 Further reading

• Box NF, Wyeth JR, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA (1997). "Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair". Hum. Mol. Genet. 6 (11): 1891–7. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.11.1891. PMID 9302268. 
• Cass, Cort. The Redhead Handbook (2003).
• Collins, Tim. The Ginger Survival Guide (2006).
• Ditz, Uwe. Redheads (2000).
• Douglas, Stephen. The Redhead Encyclopedia (1996).
• Krobatsch, Jason. I Have Red Hair (2009).
• Roach, Marion. Roots of Desire: The Myth, Meaning and Sexual Power of Red Hair (2005).
• Sacharov, Allen. The Red Head Book (1985).

 Auburn hair

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The fashion model Janice Prishwalko with light auburn hair.

Auburn may be described as a hair color that is somewhere between brown hair and red hair. The word "auburn" comes from the Old French word alborne, which meant blond, coming from Latin word alburnus ("off-white"). The first recorded use of auburn in English was in 1430.
In describing hair color, "auburn" is frequently misused as a synonym for "red".
The chemical pigments that cause the coloration of auburn hair are frequently pheomelanin with high levels of brown eumelanin. Auburn hair is reasonably common among people of northern and western European descent, but it is rare elsewhere. This color is sometimes seen among the indigenous people of Formosa, but not the later Han Chinese immigrants.

Contents 1 The color auburn 1.1 Auburn 1.2 Vivid Auburn 2 Auburn in human culture 3 See also

 The color auburn

The color auburn is a reddish brown color. It is similar to burgundy, chestnut, and maroon, although these three colors have a more reddish tint, while auburn has a slightly more brownish one.
Historically, the word abram was used to mean auburn, for example in early (pre-1685) folios of Coriolanus, Thomas Kyd's Soliman and Perseda (1588) and Thomas Middleton's Blurt, Master Constable (1601).
In his book Germania, Tacitus, the Romanised Gaulish historian, described the hair color of the Germanic peoples as being 'rutilus', meaning auburn in Latin.
The first recorded use of auburn as a color name in English was in 1430.

Auburn

Auburn
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#6D351A
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(109, 53, 26)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(20°, 76%, 43%)
Source		Internet
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

On the right is displayed the color auburn. This shade of auburn represents the color of people's hair that is naturally auburn.

 Vivid Auburn

Vivid Auburn
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#932724
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(147, 39, 36)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(2°, 76%, 58%)
Source		Internet
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

In cosmetology, a brighter, highly-saturated tint called vivid auburn is used for dyeing hair.

Auburn in human culture

A Palestinian girl with dark auburn hair.

Jose Luis Villanueva is a Spanish Chilean with auburn hair.

Queen Isabel I of Castile, a naturally auburn Spaniard.

Gloria Estefan with dyed auburn hair.

Auburn hair occurs almost uniquely in the phenotypes originally from Northern and Western Europe,for example, Scandinavia, Ireland, England, Scotland, Germany, the Benelux countries, France, Poland, and Russia. This hair color is very rare in Central Europe, Eastern Europe, around the Mediterranean Sea, and further south and southeast. Auburn hair color, especially in Southern Europe (in particular Spain and Portugal) and North Africa, is caused by the migration and invasion of Indo-European people whose origins are Northern European. Auburn hair can also be found among whites of north Lebanon, west Syria, Palestinian territories, Jordan, Northern Iran, Central Iran, and sometimes Central Asia. Because of migration from Europe from the 16th to the 20th centuries, it can also be found in other parts of the world such as North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Siberia, etc.
The Roman writer Tacitus wrote that the hair of the Germanic peoples was usually either rutilus, which is Latin for "auburn", or else "golden blond" or "red". However, long ago, the Germanic name "Schwartz" referred to people who had black hair, and the Germanic name "Weiss" referred to people who had white or light blonde hair. Both hair colors were carried by their descendants. The German words for the color "auburn" include the simple "rotbraun" (red-brown) and "rostrot" (rust red) to the more elaborate "kastanienbraun" (chestnut brown). Auburn hair is mostly associated with a fair complexion and light eye colors (blue, gray, green, and hazel). However, there are many auburn-haired people with brown eyes.
Though the word "auburn" was in use in the English language by 1430, the corrupt spelling/pronunciation abram was frequently used.
In the 21st Century United States of America, the color that was chosen by the American Council on Education (ACE) to represent such fields of learning as forestry, environmental studies, and natural resource management is called, "russet," but in actual practice, colleges, universities, and suppliers of academic regalia use a very similar tint of "auburn" color.

 See also

• Brown hair
• Red hair
• Blond hair